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This is a years-long process, often involving a minimum of 4 years of trialing. Some breeders have their own propagation facilities - using either tissue culture or cuttings - but there are also growers who team up with breeders to propagate promising new plant choices. #CORNUS MAS OR CORNUS KOUSA FROZEN FRUIT FOR SALE TRIAL#The selection process narrows the choices down to a more manageable number - the chosen seedlings have to be propagated so that they can be grown in trial gardens and evaluated for their performance. After collecting seed, the breeder evaluates seedlings to see if they have something that’s interesting or characteristics that they are looking for.Įvaluation and Selection: Breeders have many things they’re looking for, including habit, flower color, flower quality, bloom time, foliage color and many more. #CORNUS MAS OR CORNUS KOUSA FROZEN FRUIT FOR SALE SERIES#The process of making“new plants” has a few key steps:īreeding: Breeding is a series of decisions based on either defined crosses or collecting seed from open-pollinated plants. The stem of the plant to be grafted is known as the scion, and the root is called the stock. Grafting produces plants by combining favorable stem characteristics with favorable root characteristics. ![]() That’s fine for letting them spread through your garden, but isn’t very practical for larger scale propagation. Natural asexual reproduction takes place without seeds or spores - for example by means of stolons or rhizomes. The patent then prohibits any further asexual reproduction of the plant without a license.Īsexual reproduction can take place by natural or artificial (assisted by humans) means. Asexual reproduction produces plants that are genetically identical to the parent plant because no mixing of male and female gametes takes place. The key: Asexual reproduction.Ī plant can be patented only if can be reproduced asexually. The entirety of the plant is protected, but not the reproductive subparts of the plant (i.e., seeds, flowers and fruit are not protected by plant patents) such that patented plants can be used by other plant breeders to produce new hybrids. The plant is novel and has at least one inherent, distinguishing characteristic (i.e., beyond that which is induced by varying environmental conditions). The plant has not been patented, in public use or for sale, or otherwise available to the public more than one year prior to the effective filing date. The person, company or nonprofit entity filing the patent invented or discovered the plant and asexually reproduced it. The part of the plant used for asexual reproduction is not a tuber food part (e.g., potato, Jerusalem artichoke). The plant was invented or discovered, and if discovered, it was in a cultivated area (not the wild) Some of the requirements for receiving a plant patent: Patent lifespan is particularly relevant for trees, given that they may not gain market share as quickly as shrubs, which develop their highly marketable characteristics in a shorter period of time than trees, and those desirable attributes are often visible at the point of sale. Plant patents allow the patent holder to prevent others from asexually reproducing the new plant without first entering into a licensing agreement. ![]() ![]() Plant patents are granted to those who discover or invent a new and distinct cultivar and asexually reproduce it. They’re meant to protect the time and effort put into breeding new plants, but are there unintended consequences? Plant patents are getting to be ubiquitous. ![]()
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